This study presents new methods for the preparation of nanomaterials and extracts, where DC sputtering technology was adopted to obtain a solution of silver plasmon nanoparticles (AgNPs) and mix them with red beet extract prepared with cold-atmosphere plasma jet (CAPJ) technology. One of the important challenges in our research is the adoption of new, environmentally friendly, and fast technologies to support nanoparticles in the treatment of cancer and protect living cells from toxicity. AgNPs were prepared with different currents (6 mA, 8 mA, and 10 mA) mixed with beetroot extract and applied to breast cancer cells, where their effectiveness in the diagnosis and treatment of cancer was evaluated. To determine the properties of silver, field emission scanning electron microscopy (FE-SEM), X-ray diffraction (XRD), RAMAN spectroscopy, and UV-Visible were studied. The effects of toxicity and its effectiveness in the diagnosis and treatment of cancer cells were also investigated. The best results were at a current of 10 mA when applied to cancer cells. Furthermore, a comparison was made between the human breast cancer MDA-MB-231 cell line treated with silver nanoparticles plus green materials (beetroot extract) as an anticancer agent (breast cancer) and the normal rat embryonic fibroblast (REF) cell line. Inhibition rates of 53.99% and 80.33%, respectively, were observed in the MDA breast cancer cell line, while cytotoxic effects on normal cells (REF) did not exceed 18.07% and 17.5%, respectively, indicating minimal side effects on healthy cells.

Restricted Earth Fault (REF) Relay, a type of differential protection, is responsible for detecting single-phase-to-ground faults at the terminal of a transformer or faults in the winding to the core. This protection scheme is inherently sensitive and rapid; however, due to current transformer saturation during external fault conditions with high currents and the transient magnetizing current flowing through the transformer core, it may be susceptible to false operation. In this paper, an intelligent restricted ground fault protection scheme based on wavelet transform (WT) is presented. In the initial step, the differential current resulting from the simulation is analyzed using WT, and various features of decomposed signals are extracted as sample patterns for training intelligent classifiers. The performance of the proposed method is evaluated using data obtained from the simulation of a 230/63.5 kV power transformer in the PSCAD/EMTDC software environment. Additionally, to accurately simulate the transformer current during saturation, the valid Gill's model is employed. The results of implementing this intelligent protection scheme confirm its high reliability against false operation.

Objective: The existence of female germ-line stem cells (FGSCs) has been the subject of a wide range of recent studies. Successful isolation and culture of FGSCs could facilitate studies on regenerative medicine and infertility treatments in the near future. Our aim in the present study was evaluation of the most commonly used techniques in enrichment of FGSCs and in establishment of the best procedure.Materials and Methods: In this experimental study, after digesting neonate ovary from C57Bl/6 mice, we performed 2 different isolation experiments: magnetic activated cell sorting (MACS) and pre-plating. MACS was applied using two different antibodies against mouse vasa homolog (MVH) and stage-specific embryonic antigen-1 (SSEA1) markers. After the cells were passaged and proliferated in vitro, colony-forming cells were characterized using reverse transcription-polymerase chain reaction (RT-PCR) (for analysis of expression of Oct4, Nanog, C-kit, Fragilis, Mvh, Dazl, Scp3 and Zp3), alkaline phosphatase (AP) activity test and immunocytochemistry.Results: Data showed that colonies can be seen more frequently in pre-plating technique than that in MACS. Using the SSEA1 antibody with MACS, 1.98±0.49% (Mean ± SDV) positive cells were yield as compared to the total cells sorted. The colonies formed after pre-plating expressed pluripotency and germ stem cell markers (Oct4, Nanog, C-kit, Fragilis, Mvh and Dazl) whereas did not express Zp3 and Scp3 at the mRNA level. Immunocytochemistry in these colonies further confirmed the presence of OCT4 and MVH proteins, and AP activity measured by AP-kit showed positive reaction.Conclusion: We established a simple and an efficient pre-plating technique to culture and to enrich FGSCs from neonatal mouse ovaries.